- The MoM, YoY, and CAGR growth rate formulas with worked examples
- A downloadable calculator template (Google Sheets) covering all three formulas
- Benchmark table: median and top-quartile growth rates by ARR band
- The T2D3 framework — what it is and what growth it actually implies
- Rule of 40 and why investors use it to contextualize raw growth rate
- What growth rates investors expect at Seed, Series A, and Series B
A SaaS growth rate calculator is just arithmetic. What makes it hard is knowing which version of "growth rate" a given conversation requires — because month-over-month, year-over-year, and CAGR are not interchangeable. Each answers a different question, and using the wrong one in an investor or board context can send misleading signals even when the underlying business is healthy.
The formulas below cover all three scenarios. Each includes a worked example you can replicate in a spreadsheet in under five minutes. The benchmark table at the end shows what your number should look like at each stage of the ARR curve.
Free Calculator. The Google Sheets template referenced in this guide contains pre-built formulas for MoM growth rate, YoY growth rate, CAGR, Rule of 40 score, and a benchmark comparison table. Copy the sheet and enter your ARR figures — all calculations update automatically. Open the SaaS Growth Rate Calculator →
Formula 1: Month-Over-Month (MoM) Growth Rate
MoM growth rate is the operational heartbeat metric. It is what founders track weekly and what growth teams run experiments against. It is not the number you lead with in an investor deck — but it is the number that tells you earliest whether the business is accelerating or decelerating.
MoM Growth Rate (%) = ((MRR_this_month − MRR_last_month) / MRR_last_month) × 100
Worked Example
A SaaS company had $180,000 MRR at the end of March and $196,200 MRR at the end of April.
MoM Growth Rate = (($196,200 − $180,000) / $180,000) × 100
= ($16,200 / $180,000) × 100
= 9.0%
A 9% MoM growth rate sustained for 12 consecutive months would produce roughly 185% YoY growth — which is firmly in T2D3 tripling territory. The compound effect of consistent MoM rates is why tracking this number monthly matters more than the YoY figure for operators who want to catch problems early.
To convert a sustained MoM rate to an implied YoY rate, the formula is: YoY implied = (1 + MoM rate)^12 − 1. A consistent 5.5% MoM rate implies approximately 90% YoY growth. An 11.6% MoM rate implies approximately 200% YoY growth — which is the tripling rate required to sustain T2D3 trajectory.
MoM growth rate is sensitive to short-term noise: a single large enterprise deal, a seasonally strong renewal period, or a one-month spike in churn can distort the signal. Track the 3-month rolling average alongside the point-in-time figure to separate trend from volatility.
Formula 2: Year-Over-Year (YoY) Growth Rate
YoY growth rate is the standard for board reporting, investor benchmarking, and fundraising conversations. When someone asks "what's your growth rate?" without specifying a period, they mean year-over-year ARR growth. This is the number that gets benchmarked against cohort data and determines how investors contextualize your trajectory.
YoY Growth Rate (%) = ((ARR_end_of_year − ARR_start_of_year) / ARR_start_of_year) × 100
Worked Example
A SaaS company had $3.2M ARR on January 1, 2025, and $4.7M ARR on December 31, 2025.
YoY Growth Rate = (($4.7M − $3.2M) / $3.2M) × 100
= ($1.5M / $3.2M) × 100
= 46.9%
At $3.2M–$4.7M ARR, the median YoY growth benchmark is approximately 50–60% (per OpenView and High Alpha 2024 SaaS Benchmarks). This company is just below median for its ARR band — not alarming, but a signal to investigate whether the deceleration is a temporary headwind or a structural issue with pipeline conversion or churn.
For quarterly YoY comparisons, use the same formula but compare Q4 of the current year to Q4 of the prior year (or any matching quarter pair). Avoid sequential quarter comparisons as a proxy for YoY — seasonal effects will distort the reading.
Formula 3: Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
CAGR smooths a multi-year growth trajectory into a single annualized rate. It is the right metric when you want to describe the velocity of a business across a period that includes uneven individual years — for instance, a year of exceptional growth followed by a year of consolidation.
CAGR (%) = ((ARR_end / ARR_start)^(1/n) − 1) × 100
Where n = number of years in the measurement period
Worked Example
A SaaS company grew ARR from $1M in 2022 to $5.8M by the end of 2025 — a three-year period (n = 3).
CAGR = (($5.8M / $1M)^(1/3) − 1) × 100
= (5.8^0.333 − 1) × 100
= (1.796 − 1) × 100
= 79.6%
A 79.6% CAGR over three years starting from $1M ARR puts this company well above the median for its cohort and within top-quartile territory. Reaching $5.8M ARR from $1M in three years represents a 5.8x increase — roughly on track for the first two years of a T2D3 pattern.
CAGR is also the correct metric when presenting growth to investors who are comparing companies across different holding periods in a portfolio. Two companies growing from $1M ARR — one reaching $4M in two years, another reaching $6M in three years — look very different on a YoY basis in different years. CAGR puts them on a common scale: 100% and 81.7%, respectively.
SaaS Growth Rate Benchmarks by ARR Stage (2025–2026)
The benchmarks below draw from the 2024 SaaS Benchmarks Report by OpenView and High Alpha, Benchmarkit's 2025 SaaS Performance Metrics report (690 companies), and Lighter Capital's 2025 B2B SaaS Startup Benchmarks. All figures reflect year-over-year ARR growth for private B2B SaaS companies.
| ARR Stage | Median YoY Growth | Top Quartile | Investor Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Under $1M | 80–100% | 250–300%+ | Pre-seed / seed; focus on MoM absolute adds |
| $1M–$5M | 52–59% | 100–154% | Seed to pre-Series A; 2× ARR per year is the target |
| $5M–$15M | 35–55% | 80–130% | Series A territory; efficiency starts to matter |
| $15M–$30M | 30–40% | 50–70% | Series B; Rule of 40 enters investor conversations |
| $30M–$50M | 20–30% | 40–55% | Late B / early C; margin trajectory required |
| $50M+ | 15–20% | 30–40% | Mature; Rule of 40 score ≥40 is the benchmark |
Two context points that the table does not capture:
First, AI-native SaaS companies are growing significantly faster than traditional SaaS across every ARR band. At $1M–$5M ARR, AI-native median growth is approximately 110% versus 40% for traditional B2B SaaS — a 2.75× gap. At $5M–$20M ARR, the gap narrows but remains material: 90% versus 30% median. When benchmarking, account for whether peers in the comparison set are AI-native or conventional SaaS.
Second, the 2025 benchmark data shows overall compression versus prior years. Benchmarkit's 2025 report shows median private SaaS YoY growth at approximately 28%, down from 47% in 2024. Market-wide deceleration is real. Landing at the median does not mean the business is broken — it means the entire market slowed.
The T2D3 Framework: What the Growth Path Actually Requires
T2D3 — Triple, Triple, Double, Double, Double — describes the ARR growth trajectory that VC investors associate with unicorn-candidate companies. The framework was popularized by Neeraj Agrawal at Battery Ventures and maps the path from roughly $2M ARR to over $100M.
| Year | Growth Multiple | Starting ARR | Ending ARR | Implied MoM Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year 1 | 3× (200% YoY) | $2M | $6M | ~9.6% |
| Year 2 | 3× (200% YoY) | $6M | $18M | ~9.6% |
| Year 3 | 2× (100% YoY) | $18M | $36M | ~5.9% |
| Year 4 | 2× (100% YoY) | $36M | $72M | ~5.9% |
| Year 5 | 2× (100% YoY) | $72M | $144M | ~5.9% |
The tripling years require a sustained MoM growth rate of approximately 9.6–11.6%, depending on the exact starting ARR. The doubling years require approximately 5.9% MoM. Fewer than 5% of funded SaaS companies sustain the full T2D3 path. The framework is useful as a ceiling benchmark — if you are on T2D3 trajectory, you are building something genuinely exceptional. If you are not, the correct benchmark set is the cohort table above, not T2D3.
Growth Rate and the Rule of 40
Raw growth rate tells investors how fast you are growing. The Rule of 40 tells them whether the growth is worth the cost.
Rule of 40 Score = YoY Growth Rate (%) + Free Cash Flow Margin (%)
A score at or above 40 signals a healthy, fundable SaaS business.
A company growing 60% YoY with −25% FCF margin scores 35 — below the threshold. A company growing 25% with +18% FCF margin scores 43 — above. Only 11–30% of private SaaS companies meet Rule of 40 in any given year, according to Benchmarkit's 2025 report.
Rule of 40 becomes a board metric at approximately $15M–$30M ARR. Below that, investors expect rapid growth with negative margins and will not penalize a company for a low Rule of 40 score — provided the growth rate itself is strong. At Series B and beyond, a Rule of 40 score consistently below 25 requires explanation. Each 10-point improvement in Rule of 40 score correlates with roughly a 1.1× increase in EV/Revenue multiples — meaningful at scale.
What Growth Rate Investors Expect at Each Funding Stage
Benchmark data and investor expectations diverge slightly. Benchmarks describe what exists; investor expectations describe what they fund. The two are related but not identical.
| Funding Stage | Typical ARR Range | Expected YoY Growth | Supporting Signals Investors Want |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seed | $0–$1M | 150–300%+ | Strong MoM adds, early NRR signal, clear ICP |
| Series A | $1M–$5M | 80–120% | Repeatable sales motion, NRR ≥100%, CAC payback <24 months |
| Series B | $8M–$20M | 60–100% | NRR ≥110%, Rule of 40 trajectory, GTM efficiency improving |
| Series C+ | $20M–$50M+ | 40–70% | Rule of 40 ≥40, path to profitability visible, ARR per employee rising |
The 2024 High Alpha and OpenView benchmarks put Series A median ARR at approximately $3M, implying that companies seeking Series A should have demonstrated the ability to grow from sub-$1M to $3M and show a credible path to $10M within 18 months of the raise. Series B investors in 2025–2026 have reset minimum ARR thresholds upward; companies raising at $8M–$10M ARR with sub-60% growth are finding the process harder than they did in 2021–2022.
How Fairview Tracks and Surfaces Growth Rate in Context
Calculating a growth rate is straightforward. Knowing what is causing it — and what will happen to it over the next 90 days — requires clean, reconciled data feeding into a structured operating view.
Fairview's Operating Dashboard connects to billing systems and CRM to build a single ARR timeline that separates new ARR, expansion ARR, contraction, and churn at the contract level. Rather than a top-line growth rate number, operators see the component-level decomposition: which customer cohorts are expanding, which are contracting, and whether new logo pipeline is sufficient to sustain the current growth trajectory.
The Forecast Confidence Engine projects forward ARR growth based on committed pipeline, historical conversion rates, and cohort-level churn patterns — so teams know the growth rate implied by the current operating state before the quarter closes, not after. This matters because late-quarter interventions have meaningful impact on ARR outcomes; early visibility is what enables them. For operators who want to understand the full metrics stack that growth rate sits inside, the SaaS metrics framework covers how each indicator connects to operating decisions.
Key Takeaways
- Three formulas, three use cases: MoM for operational monitoring, YoY for investor and board reporting, CAGR for multi-year trajectory comparisons. Use the right formula for the context.
- MoM converts to YoY via compounding: (1 + MoM rate)^12 − 1. A sustained 5.5% MoM rate implies ~90% YoY growth; 9.6% MoM implies ~200% YoY (T2D3 tripling rate).
- Benchmark within your ARR band: A 45% YoY growth rate is below median at $2M ARR and above median at $25M ARR. Context is everything.
- T2D3 is aspirational: Fewer than 5% of funded SaaS companies sustain it. Use the cohort benchmarks table for realistic planning targets.
- Rule of 40 is the investor lens: Growth rate plus FCF margin should exceed 40 at Series B and beyond. Companies that meet it consistently receive premium valuation multiples.
- 2025–2026 data shows market-wide compression: Median private SaaS YoY growth fell from 47% in 2024 to approximately 28% in 2025. Landing at the median reflects market conditions, not company-specific failure.